LASIK surgery can typically correct up to -12 diopters of myopia (nearsightedness).
The exact eligibility depends on individual factors such as corneal thickness, eye health, and overall vision needs. However, there’s much more to LASIK than just numbers, and understanding its capabilities and limitations is crucial before deciding if it’s the right solution for you.
This blog will guide you through the details of myopia correction with LASIK, covering how the procedure works, the factors influencing its effectiveness, and what to expect during and after the surgery. By the end, you’ll have a comprehensive understanding of LASIK and whether it’s suitable for your level of myopia.
Understanding Myopia and Its Impact
Myopia, also referred to as nearsightedness, is among the most widespread vision disorders globally. It arises when the eyeball is elongated or the cornea exhibits excessive curvature, causing light to focus in front of the retina rather than directly on it. This condition leads to blurred vision when viewing distant objects.
Severity Levels of Myopia
Myopia is measured in diopters (D), which indicate the lens power needed to correct the refractive error. The severity of myopia is generally classified as:
- Mild Myopia: Less than -3.00 D
- Moderate Myopia: From -3.00 D to -6.00 D
- High Myopia: Greater than -6.00 D
Individuals with high myopia often face additional risks such as retinal detachment or glaucoma, making effective correction methods, like LASIK, highly appealing.
How Does LASIK Work?
LASIK (Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis) is a type of refractive surgery designed to reshape the cornea using a precise laser. By altering the cornea’s curvature, LASIK improves the way light is focused onto the retina, effectively correcting myopia.
Step-by-Step Procedure
- Creating the Flap: A thin flap is made on the cornea using a microkeratome blade or femtosecond laser.
- Reshaping the Cornea: An excimer laser removes tiny amounts of corneal tissue, flattening it to correct myopia.
- Repositioning the Flap: The corneal flap is placed back without stitches, allowing it to heal naturally over time.
This quick and minimally invasive procedure can significantly reduce or even eliminate dependence on glasses or contact lenses.
How Much Myopia Can LASIK Correct?
The correction limit largely depends on the individual’s corneal thickness, as the procedure removes a small amount of corneal tissue to reshape it. LASIK is most effective for people with mild to moderate myopia but can also accommodate higher levels up to -12.00 D (in some cases).
For individuals with extremely high myopia beyond this range, alternative surgical options like phakic intraocular lenses (ICLs) may be recommended by an ophthalmologist.
Factors That Determine LASIK’s Effectiveness
Not everyone with myopia is a candidate for LASIK, and there are several factors that influence how much myopia can be corrected.
1. Corneal Thickness
Corneal thickness is crucial in determining eligibility for LASIK. Patients with thin corneas may not have enough tissue to safely allow the laser to reshape them. Those with insufficient thickness might explore alternatives like PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy).
2. Pupil Size
Large pupils can increase the risk of side effects such as halos or glare at night. During a consultation, the ophthalmologist will evaluate pupil size before recommending LASIK.
3. Eye Health
Patients must have healthy eyes, free from conditions like keratoconus (a thinning disorder of the cornea), dry eye syndrome, or significant scarring.
4. Stability of Prescription
LASIK is typically performed on individuals whose prescription has remained stable for at least one year. This ensures that vision correction results are long-lasting.
5. Age and Lifestyle
LASIK is usually recommended for patients aged 18 or older, as their vision tends to stabilise by this age. Additionally, certain professions or lifestyles with increased risk of eye trauma might make LASIK less suitable.
Benefits of LASIK for Myopia Correction
The popularity of LASIK lies in its numerous advantages over traditional corrective measures like glasses or contact lenses:
Precision and Tailoring
Modern LASIK technology, such as wavefront-guided systems, allows for highly personalised treatment plans tailored to each patient’s specific eye anatomy.
Rapid Results
Most patients notice a significant improvement in vision within 24 hours after the surgery, with full recovery in a matter of weeks.
Long-Term Savings
Although LASIK might seem expensive upfront, it can save costs in the long run by reducing the need for glasses, contact lenses, and associated care products.
Increased Convenience
Eliminate the daily hassle of cleaning, storing, or wearing corrective lenses, promoting overall quality of life.
Potential Risks and Limitations
While LASIK is considered safe, it’s important to understand the potential risks and limitations:
- Undercorrection or Overcorrection: Some patients may still need mild prescriptions after surgery.
- Dry Eye: Temporary dryness is common, but it typically resolves with lubricating eye drops.
- Night Vision Issues: Patients may experience halos, starbursts, or glare around lights at night.
- Regression: Rarely, the eye may revert toward its original prescription over time.
A thorough preoperative assessment helps minimise these risks and sets realistic expectations for patients.
Alternative Options for High Myopia
For individuals with myopia greater than -12.00 D or other contraindications for LASIK, consider the following alternatives:
1. Phakic Intraocular Lenses (ICLs)
ICLs are implanted between the cornea and iris, providing an option for patients with extreme myopia or thin corneas.
2. Refractive Lens Exchange (RLE)
RLE involves removing the natural lens of the eye and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens, similar to cataract surgery.
3. PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy)
PRK is a laser procedure suitable for patients with thin corneas. In contrast to LASIK, this procedure does not require the creation of a corneal flap.
4. Specialised Contact Lenses
Orthokeratology lenses temporarily reshape the cornea during sleep, allowing for clear vision during the day without surgical intervention.
Is LASIK Right for You?
Deciding whether LASIK is the right option depends on your unique vision profile, lifestyle, and goals. Consulting an experienced ophthalmologist is the best way to determine your eligibility and explore all available options.
A detailed eye exam, including corneal mapping and measurements of refractive errors, will ensure a tailored approach to your vision correction plan.
What to Expect During the Consultation Process
During your LASIK consultation, the ophthalmologist will:
- Review your medical and vision history.
- Perform a comprehensive eye exam using advanced diagnostic tools.
- Discuss your goals and set realistic expectations for outcomes.
- Determine your eligibility and provide alternative recommendations if necessary.
Post-LASIK Care and Life After Surgery
Proper aftercare is essential to ensure optimal results and minimise side effects. Key guidelines include:
- Using prescribed eye drops to prevent infection and dryness.
- Avoiding strenuous activities and eye strain for the first few weeks.
- Wearing protective eyewear when exposed to dust, wind, or direct sunlight.
Following these instructions can help you achieve and maintain excellent vision.
Final Thoughts
LASIK is a breakthrough in vision correction, capable of treating up to -12 diopters of myopia and helping countless individuals achieve clear, unaided vision. However, its effectiveness depends on various factors, and alternative options may be better suited for certain conditions.
If you’re considering LASIK, speak to a qualified ophthalmologist to better understand your options and take the first step toward improved vision. Remember, your eyes deserve the best care, and making an informed decision is key to achieving remarkable results.
