LASIK, or Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis, is a popular surgical procedure that corrects refractive vision errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. It involves reshaping the cornea to allow light entering the eye to be properly focused onto the retina, thus offering clearer vision and reducing dependence on glasses or contact lenses.
But for individuals who suffer from keloids — abnormal, raised scars that can develop after an injury or surgery — the question arises whether LASIK is a viable option.
This blog will explore this topic, providing insights into what keloids are, how they might impact LASIK surgery, and considerations to keep in mind.
Understanding Keloids
What Are Keloids?
Keloids are a form of raised scar that develops at the site of skin healing following an injury.
Unlike typical scars, keloids extend beyond the borders of the initial wound, exhibiting greater thickness and may appear pink, red, or darker than the surrounding skin.
These lesions can manifest anywhere on the body, though they are frequently observed on the chest, shoulders, earlobes, and cheeks.
Keloids arise from an excessive production of collagen during the healing process.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of keloid formation remains unclear, but several factors can increase the risk:
- Genetic Predisposition: Keloids tend to run in families, suggesting a genetic component.
- Skin Type: Individuals with darker skin, such as those of African, Hispanic, or Asian descent, are at higher risk.
- Age: Keloids are more common in younger individuals, particularly between the ages of 10 and 30.
- Injury or Surgery: Any skin injury can potentially develop into a keloid, including surgical incisions, piercings, acne scars, and burns.
LASIK and the Eye
How Does LASIK Work?
LASIK entails the creation of a thin flap in the cornea, which is accomplished using either a microkeratome or a femtosecond laser. The surgeon then lifts the flap to reshape the underlying corneal tissue with an excimer laser, which emits a cool ultraviolet light beam. By removing microscopic amounts of tissue, the laser is able to refocus light entering the eye. After reshaping, the corneal flap is laid back in place, where it heals naturally.
Benefits of LASIK
- Quick Recovery: Most patients experience improved vision almost immediately or the day after the surgery. The majority of patients typically notice an improvement in their vision either immediately or the day following the surgery.
- Reduced Dependence on Corrective Lenses: Many patients achieve 20/20 vision or better, reducing or eliminating their need for glasses or contact lenses.
- High Success Rate: LASIK has a well-documented track record of success, with most patients experiencing significant visual improvement.
Can Keloids Affect LASIK Surgery?
Potential Concerns
The primary concern for keloid sufferers considering LASIK is the potential for abnormal scarring of the eye. However, it’s important to note that keloids typically occur on the skin, not on the cornea or other parts of the eye.
Since LASIK only involves corneal tissue and does not affect skin tissue, the risk of keloid formation directly from LASIK is low.
Corneal Scarring
Corneal scarring, while rare, can occur after LASIK due to infection or improper healing. However, this type of scarring is different from keloids and usually results from a separate set of complications.
It is crucial for patients with a history of keloids to discuss their concerns with their surgeon prior to the procedure to evaluate any potential risks.
Considerations for Keloid Sufferers
Consultation with a Medical Professional
Before deciding on LASIK, individuals with a history of keloids should have an in-depth consultation with both a dermatologist familiar with their keloid history and a qualified ophthalmologist or LASIK surgeon. These consultations will help assess any unique risks associated with undergoing LASIK.
Managing Expectations
While keloids themselves may not pose a significant risk to LASIK, individuals should be aware of and prepared for any other potential complications or healing issues that could arise.
It’s also important to manage expectations regarding the outcome of the surgery, including the realistic possibility of needing additional procedures or enhancements in the future.
Post-Surgery Care
Following LASIK, adhering to post-operative care instructions is crucial for all patients, including those with keloids. This includes attending follow-up appointments, using prescribed eye drops to prevent infection and inflammation, and avoiding rubbing or touching the eyes.
Alternatives to LASIK
For individuals concerned about LASIK or who are deemed unsuitable candidates for the surgery, other vision correction options are available:
PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy)
PRK is a form of refractive surgery that shares similarities with LASIK; however, it does not involve the creation of a corneal flap. In this procedure, the outer layer of the cornea is removed, allowing for the reshaping of the underlying tissue using a laser. PRK may be a suitable alternative for those with thinner corneas or other contraindications to LASIK.
Contact Lenses or Glasses
For some, continuing to use corrective lenses remains a viable and comfortable option. Recent advancements in contact lens technology have significantly enhanced their versatility and comfort.
Lens Implants
Refractive lens exchange or implantable contact lenses can be considered for patients with certain vision problems. This surgical procedure entails the replacement of the eye’s natural lens with an artificial lens to rectify refractive errors.
Wrapping Up
While keloids typically occur on the skin and do not directly impact LASIK surgery, individuals with a history of keloids should approach LASIK with careful consideration and thorough consultation with medical professionals. Understanding the unique aspects of both keloids and LASIK can empower individuals to make informed decisions about their eye care and vision correction options.
If you’re considering LASIK and have concerns about keloids, reach out to a medical professional specializing in both dermatology and ophthalmology to address your questions and evaluate your suitability for the procedure. With the right information and guidance, you can make a decision that aligns with your health needs and vision goals.
